Biliary tract stone disease, commonly known as gallstones, refers to the formation of solid particles in the gallbladder or bile ducts. These stones can vary in size and composition and may obstruct the flow of bile, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. Risk factors for developing gallstones include obesity, rapid weight loss, certain medications, and genetics. Treatment options range from lifestyle changes and medications to surgical procedures such as cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) or endoscopic removal of stones from the bile ducts.