Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat achalasia, a condition characterized by difficulty swallowing due to dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). During the POEM procedure, an endoscope is inserted through the mouth and into the esophagus. Then, a small incision is made in the inner lining of the esophagus, and a myotomy (cutting of the muscles) is performed on the LES to relax and widen it, allowing food and liquids to pass more easily into the stomach. POEM offers a less invasive alternative to traditional surgical approaches for treating achalasia and can provide long-term symptom relief for patients.